It would have been great to report to you the immediate implementation of the Employment Bill, the repeal of the Statutory Dispute Resolution Procedures and their replacement with a procedure more akin to the old ACAS process. Alas not. The current best guestimate of when we may get this enacted is now April 2009. Uncertainty will remain in the meantime.
As will the position in respect of retirement and age discrimination pending various appeals in cases such as Seldon (the compulsory retirement of a partner in a Law firm) and the Heyday challenge, concerning the lawfulness of the age regulations allowing compulsory retirement at 65.
In the meantime, we have the decision of Rainbow –v- Milton Keynes Council. In this case, a school placed an advert seeking a teacher stating that the vacancy ‘would suit candidates in the first five years of their career’. Mrs R, who had a mere 34 years’ teaching experience and therefore by any stretch of the imagination was not in the first five years of her career, applied for the post.
The school probably (certainly) got the procedure wrong. Rather than providing Mrs R with an application pack, it told her to submit her application by way of letter. Further, whilst being alerted to a possible contravention of the Age Regulations, and having revised the advert, the school did not change its’ belief that it needed to keep the cost of the replacement teacher down, and therefore had to recruit someone within the salary level – and hence experience – it had originally envisaged.
Mrs R had her application for the post rejected. She brought a claim.
The Tribunal found that the school had not proved that there was a good reason for not short listing Mrs R; and that their letter of rejecting concealed the true reason why she had not been invited, that of cost; she would have been eligible to receive a far greater salary for the post than the school had earmarked for it.
Nevertheless direct discrimination was not made out because had Mrs R, or someone of her age, had five years’ experience or less, they would have stood an equal chance of being short listed. In other words she had not made out that she had been treated less favourably on the ground of age when compared to an identified or hypothetical comparator.
Nevertheless indirect discrimination was made out. The decision to appoint someone with five years’ experience or less was a provision, criterion or practice which, although applied equally irrespective of age, would nevertheless put someone of Mrs R’s age at a particular disadvantage compared to other persons.
Was this in itself justified? On the facts, it was not. Insufficient information had been provided by the school to establish that the budgetary position was as it said; or that it had assessed finance against the effect of an otherwise age discriminatory provision, criterion or practice.
The case represents an interesting example of how careful one must be, even when apparently legitimate concerns may be translated into illegitimate PCPs. Further, the principle doesn’t apply only to the older candidate but may equally apply to the younger candidate. A requirement that, for example, the person have 25 years’ experience would clearly disadvantage younger candidates. It will be necessary for the prospective employer to justify that kind of criterion in exactly the way that the school should have done in Mrs R’s case. The case may have turned on its own facts but the principles are plain for all to see.
Jonathon Stokes is Head of Dispute Resolution at local firm, Gordon Brown Associates. He can be contacted on 0191 230 8103, or visit the web site www.gordon-brown.co.uk
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